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Nawal El Moutawakel
Fifty-four seconds in Los Angeles — then thirty years inside the IOC turning that minute into rules.
The rise
Born in Casablanca on 15 April 1962, pushed on by a father who died months before her Olympic year, she took a scholarship to Iowa State University and won the NCAA 400 m hurdles title in 1984. She arrived in Los Angeles that August an outsider, in an event women had never been allowed to run at the Games.
What they did
On 8 August 1984 she won the first Olympic women's 400 m hurdles in 54.61, the first woman from Africa, the Arab world or a Muslim country to take Olympic gold; King Hassan II ordered every girl born that day be named Nawal. She founded the Casablanca women's race in 1993, joined the IOC in 1998, chaired the evaluation commissions for the 2012 and 2016 Games, and is a vice-president.
The full picture
Her IOC decades cover the body's worst bidding years: she led the commission that recommended Rio 2016, a vote later caught up in French and Brazilian bribery investigations, whose cost estimates the Games overran. She was Morocco's minister of youth and sports from 2007 to 2009, in a government criticised on civil liberties.
Why it matters
One race made her a name that every Moroccan girl born that day still carries. She spent the thirty years after it inside the committee that runs the Games, arguing for women's places in writing rather than in memory.
“Fifty-four seconds is what it took for me to translate my dream to reality, changing my life and the lives of so many young women in my country.”