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“There will be neither effective neutrality, nor peace, nor unity, nor happiness in Africa as long as others among our brethren continue to groan in the chains of slavery.”

Source: Address to the founding summit of the Organisation of African Unity, Africa Hall, Addis Ababa, May 1963; African Union, 'African Union Founders' collection of the summit speeches, p. 63

Context African heads of state met in Addis Ababa in May 1963 to adopt the OAU Charter; the Ivorian president, a long-standing advocate of negotiation, backed practical measures against Portuguese rule and apartheid.

Portrait of Félix Houphouët-Boigny
Félix Houphouët-BoignyCôte d'Ivoire · 1905–1993
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