January 1

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  1804 · Event

  Haiti declares independence — the first Black republic in the world.

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  1863 · Event

  The Emancipation Proclamation takes effect in the United States. Frederick Douglass →

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  1923 · Born

  Ousmane Sembène is born. Ousmane Sembène →

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  1956 · Event

  Sudan becomes independent.

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  1960 · Event

  Cameroon becomes independent.

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  2005 · Died

  Shirley Chisholm dies. Shirley Chisholm →

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